. APMCs or state regulated
· Since then, neither the farmers of Bihar have got the assured price for their produce nor the intermediaries in the market have reduced.
· In addition to that, a 2019 report by the National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) has observed that there has been no private investments in development of new markets and strengthening of existing ones since liberalization of the agri-markets.
· Procurement by government agencies has also reduced in the state. · For instance, paddy procurement for the 2019-20 kharif season in Bihar stood at around 22% (highest in 5 years) when compared to 92% and 89% procurement from Punjab and Haryana.
· For these reasons small farmers of Bihar are forced to migrate and work as farm laborers in Punjab and Haryana.
· The Bihar example serves as a warning against implementing the new farm laws of the centre.
